Lub Yim Hli 1, 2022
McKnight Endowment Fund rau Neuroscience (MEFN) tshaj tawm peb tus neeg tau txais $600,000 hauv kev pab nyiaj los ntawm 2022 McKnight Technological Innovations hauv Neuroscience Awards, lees paub cov haujlwm no rau lawv lub peev xwm los hloov pauv txoj hauv kev tshawb fawb txog neuroscience. Txhua qhov haujlwm yuav tau txais tag nrho ntawm $200,000 nyob rau ob xyoos tom ntej no, nce kev txhim kho ntawm cov thev naus laus zis tshiab no siv los ua daim ntawv qhia, saib xyuas, thiab qauv lub hlwb ua haujlwm. 2022 cov khoom plig thiab lawv cov haujlwm:
- Andre Berndt, PhD, ntawm University of Washington, tab tom tsim ib qho kev tsim thiab luam theej duab ntau ntawm optogenetic biosensors sai heev, kom cov kws tshawb fawb tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas thiab kho cov biosensors no kom meej meej rau lawv cov kev sim. Cov thev naus laus zis tam sim no thiab cov peev txheej txwv txwv tsis pub cov kws tshawb fawb tshawb nrhiav tsuas yog kaum lossis ntau pua tus biosensors, thiab cov qauv me me txhais tau tias lawv tsis tuaj yeem paub tseeb tias lawv pom qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj. Nrog lub peev xwm los tsim thiab tshuaj xyuas kaum tawm txhiab, lawv cov kev xaiv yuav nthuav dav.
- Ruixuan Gao, Ph.D., ntawm University of Illinois Chicago, yog chemically engineering ib yam tshiab ntawm hydrogel siv nyob rau hauv ib tug tshiab kev xyaum ntawm expansion microscopy - qhov tseem ceeb nthuav cov ntaub so ntswg kuaj thiab lawv cov tshuaj tivthaiv hlwb mus rau ntau zaus lawv tus qub loj los ua kom lawv yooj yim rau kev kawm. Nws cov "tetra-gel" tshiab thiab cov molecules tshwj xeeb uas thauj cov qauv mus rau cov gel yuav tso cai rau nws nthuav dav nrog kev ncaj ncees thiab nyob ruaj khov kom cov molecular profile ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg tuaj yeem ntes tau zoo dua.
- Mirna Mihovilovic Skanata, Ph.D., ntawm Syracuse University, tab tom tsim ib daim ntawv thov tshiab, siab-precision rau ob-photon microscopy uas yuav tso cai rau cov kws tshawb fawb kom taug qab thiab kho qhov muag tsis pom kev hauv thaj chaw loj hauv kev coj tus cwj pwm ywj pheej, yoov yoov yoov txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Lub kaw lus tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam tag nrho, siv lub algorithm los kho cov lus tsa suab ntawm cov larvae thiab taug qab ntawm ntau tus neeg lub hlwb ib txhij los ntawm kev suav thiab kho rau cov lus tsa suab thiab lub hlwb deformation thaum tus tsiaj txav.
Kawm paub ntau ntxiv txog txhua txoj haujlwm tshawb fawb hauv qab no.
Hais txog Technological Innovations hauv Neuroscience Khoom plig
Txij li thaum McKnight Technological Innovations hauv Neuroscience Award tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1999, MEFN tau pab ntau tshaj $16 lab rau cov thev naus laus zis tshiab rau neuroscience los ntawm qhov khoom plig no. MEFN tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev ua haujlwm uas siv cov txheej txheem tshiab thiab tshiab los txhawb kev muaj peev xwm los tswj thiab txheeb xyuas lub hlwb ua haujlwm. Cov thev naus laus zis tsim nrog McKnight txhawb nqa yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj rau lwm tus kws tshawb fawb.
Markus Meister, Ph.D., tus thawj coj ntawm pawg thawj coj saib xyuas khoom plig thiab Anne P. thiab Benjamin F. Biaggini tus xibfwb ntawm biological sciences hais tias "Ntxiv dua, nws tau zoo siab pom qhov kev txawj ntse uas peb cov neeg thov tau coj mus rau cov thev naus laus zis tshiab," said Markus Meister, Ph.D. ntawm Caltech. "Peb cov khoom plig nthuav dav ntau yam, los ntawm cov biosensors tshiab rau kev taw qhia cov molecules mus rau txoj kev ntse uas nthuav cov ntaub so ntswg ua ntej qhov kev daws teeb meem microscopy."
Pawg neeg xaiv tsa xyoo no kuj suav nrog Adrienne Fairhall, Timothy Holy, Loren Looger, Mala Murthy, Alice Ting, thiab Hongkui Zeng, uas tau xaiv xyoo no Technological Innovations hauv Neuroscience Awards los ntawm kev sib tw sib tw ntawm 90 tus neeg thov.
Yog xav paub ntxiv txog cov khoom plig, thov mus saib peb lub vev xaib.
2022 McKnight Technological Innovations hauv Neuroscience Awards
Andre Berndt, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington
Kev sib xyaw ua ke loj heev, kev ua haujlwm siab dhau los ntawm optogenetic biosensors rau neuronal signaling
Florescent, genetic encoded proteins tau revolutionized txoj kev kawm ntawm lub hlwb hlwb thiab neural circuits. Los ntawm kev teeb pom kev zoo nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm cov haujlwm neural tshwj xeeb, uas tom qab ntawd tuaj yeem kaw los ntawm lub tshuab tsom iav thiab lub teeb fibers hauv lub hlwb nyob, cov cuab yeej no tau qhib ntau yam tsis meej thiab tso cai rau cov kws tshawb nrhiav pom lub hlwb kev ua haujlwm thiab cov kab ke neural. Tab sis muaj ib qho kev tsis txaus ntseeg: tsim thiab txheeb xyuas qhov zoo tshaj plaws sensor rau txhua qhov kev sim. Cov proteins uas encoded no yuav tsum tau hnov mob hauv qhov muaj qhov tshwj xeeb stimuli, qee zaum yuav xav tau kev nkag siab zoo, hauv lwm qhov xwm txheej yuav xav tau fluoresce rau lub sijhawm ntev, lossis kev sim yuav xav tau ob lub sensors kom pom tias muaj ntau yam neurotransmitters. sib cuam tshuam.
Yav dhau los, txhua tus sensor yuav tsum tau hloov kho caj ces, tsim, thiab kuaj tus kheej. Tej zaum tsuas yog ob peb lub kaum os lossis puas tuaj yeem sib piv, thiab cov kws tshawb fawb tau xaiv qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm cov qauv me me - tsis paub tias puas muaj qhov zoo dua, muaj kev xaiv meej dua. Dr. Berndt tau tsim cov txheej txheem rau kev tsim thiab sim ntau cov optogenetic biosensors ib txhij, tsom rau kev tshuaj xyuas ntau dua 10,000 nyob rau ib hnub thiab tsim lub tsev qiv ntawv loj ntawm biosensors uas tuaj yeem muab cov kws tshawb fawb nkag mus rau cov proteins uas lawv siv tau los khiav mus ib txhis- kev sim siab dua.
Cov thev naus laus zis siv cov noob caj noob ces nrawm los tsim ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm biosensor, tom qab ntawd tso cov kev hloov pauv rau hauv microwell array. Cov sensors raug rau cov neuropeptides - tam sim no, Dr. Berndt yog tsom rau ligand-specific opioid sensors - thiab optical sensors ces nyeem cov microarray, kuaj pom qhov ci thiab lwm yam txawv ntawm txhua qhov sib txawv, thiab xaiv cov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev sim ntxiv. Nyob rau lub sijhawm 2 xyoos, qee qhov 750,000 biosensors yuav raug sim thiab cov txheej txheem rau lawv qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas kom zoo, nce kev tshawb fawb txog kev ua opioid hauv lub hlwb thiab muab ntau txoj hauv kev uas lwm cov kws tshawb fawb tuaj yeem siv rau lawv cov kev sim.
Ruixuan Gao, Ph.D., Assistant xibfwb, Department of Chemistry thiab Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago
Sub-10 nm spatial profiling ntawm synaptic proteins thiab RNA transcripts nrog high-isotropy expansion microscopy siv ib tug heev homogenous hydrogel tsim los ntawm tetrahedron zoo li monomers
Txhawm rau tshuaj xyuas cov khoom me me - zoo li cov neurons thiab lawv cov synapses hauv lub hlwb - cov kws tshawb fawb siv lub tshuab tsom iav muaj zog. Tab sis muaj lwm txoj hauv kev uas tuaj yeem ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo: kev nthuav dav cov qauv ntaub so ntswg thiab cov hlwb hauv nws los ntawm kev siv tshwj xeeb swellable hydrogel los ntawm cov txheej txheem hu ua expansion microscopy. Lub hydrogel khi rau cov khoom sib txawv ntawm cov hlwb thiab nthuav dav, qhov zoo tshaj plaws tuav tag nrho cov khoom siv hauv tib qho chaw txheeb ze rau ib leeg, tsim kom muaj tus qauv loj thiab siv tau ntau dua los kawm - hauv txoj cai, zoo ib yam li sau rau ntawm lub zais pa, tom qab ntawd inflating nws. .
Txawm li cas los xij, cov hydrogels tam sim no siv rau cov txheej txheem no muaj qee qhov tsis zoo thaum nws los txog rau kev kawm cov txheej txheem feeb hauv lub hlwb. Cov npoo ntawm qhov yuam kev hauv kev tuav cov txheeb ze ntawm cov molecules tsis yog raws li qhov xav tau. Cov gel tshiab uas muaj peev xwm kov yeej qhov teeb meem no cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau cov cua sov siv hauv denaturing thiab kho cov qauv ntaub so ntswg. Thiab nws tuaj yeem txwv kev siv fluorescing biomarkers. Dr. Gao lub hom phiaj los txhim kho cov thev naus laus zis los ntawm kev tsim ib hom tshiab "tetra-gel", uas yog cov tshuaj tsim kho kom muaj tetrahedron zoo li monomer uas tsis tshua muaj neeg sib xws thaum nws nthuav dav, tiv taus cua sov thiab tso cai rau siv cov cim bioluminescent. Nws kuj tseem yuav tsim cov tshuaj txuas ntxiv, cov khoom tshwj xeeb uas yuav khi cov khoom sib txawv ntawm cov qauv rau cov gel. Lub hom phiaj yog kom muaj cov qauv nthuav dav uas phim qhov kev ncaj ncees ntawm qhov qub kom tsis pub dhau 10 nanometers, sib piv cov kev daws teeb meem ntawm lub tshuab microscopes muaj zog.
Dr. Gao txoj kev tshawb fawb twb tau txheeb xyuas cov lus cog tseg uas yuav tsim cov tetra-gel no. Raws li nws lub chaw kuaj mob txhim kho thiab ua kom zoo dua qub, nws yuav siv nws lub peev xwm los kawm txog, piv txwv li, thaum ntxov-Parkinson's Disease cuam tshuam rau lub hlwb. Kawm txog cov qauv tseeb ntawm cov hlwb no tau nyuaj nrog cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj, thiab lub hom phiaj yog kom meej meej daim ntawv qhia cov proteins synaptic thiab cov ntawv sau cov noob caj noob ces, pab nthuav tawm seb qhov pib thaum ntxov PD lub hlwb yog molecularly li cas.
Mirna Mihovilovic Skanata, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Physics Department, Syracuse University
Ob-photon nrhiav thev naus laus zis los nyeem thiab tswj cov qauv neural hauv cov tsiaj txav ywj pheej
Cov txheej txheem kub rau cov kws tshawb fawb neuroscientists yog yuav tsum tau sau thiab tswj tau dab tsi tshwm sim hauv lub hlwb ntawm qib siab ntawm qhov tseeb, dhau ntawm thaj chaw loj, thaum tus tsiaj nyob tau coj tus cwj pwm ywj pheej thiab ib txwm muaj. Ntau xyoo dhau los, thev naus laus zis tau tso cai rau cov kws tshawb fawb txav mus rau qhov zoo tagnrho, tab sis ib txwm nrog qee qhov kev cuam tshuam. Feem ntau, cov tsiaj yuav tsum tau kho lub taub hau, thiab / los yog muaj intrusive sensors los yog optics implanted nyob rau hauv lawv lub hlwb, thiab feem ntau high-fidelity kaw los yog manipulation raug txwv rau ib tug kuj me me cheeb tsam ntawm lub paj hlwb, thaum broad-based recordings thiab manipulation yog. tsawg dua.
Ib qho ntawm cov teeb meem tseem ceeb tsuas yog qhov kev txav mus los thiab kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub hlwb thiab cov paj hlwb hauv cov tsiaj uas txav tau yooj yim. Tab sis Dr. Skanata tab tom tsim ib qho tshiab ob-photon taug qab thev naus laus zis uas tso cai rau nws taug qab ntau tus neeg cov neurons hauv cov tsiaj txav yam tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam, thiab optically qhib lossis tswj cov neurons. Cov qauv siv yog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yoov tshaj cum, uas yog pob tshab, thiab cov kab ke Dr. Skanata yuav txuas ntxiv txhim kho siv ob-photon microscopes (uas tso cai rau lub hom phiaj meej heev) ua ke nrog cov txheej txheem ingenious uas tuaj yeem ntes cov lus tsa suab ntawm ib tus neeg neurons thiab. kho qhov chaw ntawm qhov kev kawm nyob rau theem txav kom nws nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub tshuab tsom. Lub kaw lus suav cov txheeb ze txoj haujlwm ntawm ntau cov neurons, kho cov lus tsa suab thiab deformation ntawm lub hlwb thaum lub sijhawm txav mus los, thiab taug qab cov haujlwm neural thoob plaws thaj chaw loj.
Thaum taug qab tus tsiaj uas tau hloov kho kom cov neurons tuaj yeem qhib tau thaum raug teeb pom kev zoo, lub kaw lus cia cov kws tshawb fawb hloov mus rau cov neurons nrog kev ua haujlwm siab thaum lub sijhawm ntuj tsim. Qhov tseem ceeb, lub kaw lus Dr. Skanata tab tom txhim kho muaj peev xwm tswj hwm nws tus kheej ntawm ob lub laser kab teeb, yog li nws tuaj yeem taug qab ntau thaj chaw ib txhij, thiab tseem yuav tso cai rau kev taug qab kev ua si ntawm cov tib neeg, tso cai rau kev nkag siab txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm neural thaum ntsib pawg neeg.
