Thaum cov tub ntxhais hluas muaj ob xyoos Sambath "Sam" Ouk thiab nws tsev neeg tau khiav tawm ntawm teb chaws Cambodia thiab tuaj txog hauv Rochester, Minnesota, thaum 1980s, lawv tau ua ib feem ntawm cov thawj cov neeg tawg rog rau yav Qab Teb sab hnub tuaj tuaj rau hauv lub xeev.
Thaum nws xyoo dhau los hauv Minnesota, Ouk tau nrhiav kev paub txog qhov chaw nws muaj kev sib haum xeeb nyob nruab nrab ntawm ob haiv neeg txawv thiab qhov chaw. Hauv tsev nws hais Khmer nrog nws tsev neeg, tab sis thaum nws tawm mus sab nraud nws lub qhov rooj, nws pom nws tus kheej hauv lub ntiaj teb tsis paub.
"Kuv yog menyuam yaus loj hlob tsis muaj ib lub teb chaws," nws hais. "Qhov teeb meem no yog qhov chaw ua si hauv kuv lub neej, kuv tus txiv ntxawm, kuv tus phauj, thiab peb cov phooj ywg loj tuaj ua ke nyob rau hauv cov neeg tawg rog."
"Kuv cov xib fwb muaj hwj chim rau kuv. Kuv tsis yog kuv ib leeg thaum kuv navigated rau ob lub ntiaj teb ntawm cov neeg tawg rog thiab neeg kawm ntawv Amelikas. "-SAM OUK, ENGLISH LEARNER COORDINATOR, FARIBAULT PUBLIC SCHOOLS
Tsev kawm ntawv tau pab txhawm rau kev nyuaj siab. Nws kawm paub lus Askiv li cas thiab pib xav zoo li nws tau nyob qhov twg. "Yog tias kuv tsis kawm cov lus los sis nrhiav kuv lub suab, Amelikas yuav xav tias zoo li lwm lub yeej rog," nws hais. "Qhov zoo rau kuv, kuv cov lus Askiv yog Hom Lus Thib Ob (ESL) tau qhia kuv cov lus, thiab kuv pom kuv lub suab."
Nws cov xib fwb tau txhawb nws kom nws kawm txog nws cov neeg Cambodian kev cai dab qhuas thiab koom nrog nws cov lus Askiv hais lus. "Kuv tus xib fwb muaj hwj chim rau kuv," nws hais. "Txawm tias tom qab kuv tawm ntawm txoj kev pab, kuv yuav rov qab mus rau kuv tus xib fwb ESL thiab lawv tau muab kev qhia zoo rau kuv. Kuv tsis yog kuv ib leeg thaum kuv navigated rau ob lub ntiaj teb ntawm cov neeg tawg rog thiab neeg kawm ntawv Amelikas. "
Cov Kev Sib Ntsib Tshaj Tshaj, Qhov Kev Tsim Tsam Tshiab
Niaj hnub no, muaj ib ncig 230,000 cov menyuam hnub nyoog kawm ntawv los ntawm cov tsev neeg tawg rog hauv Minnesota - uas yog 60% nce txij li thaum xyoo 2000.
Qee tus me nyuam, zoo li Sam Ouk, tuaj rau hauv Tebchaws Asmeskas thaum muaj hnub nyoog yau, tab sis ntau tus neeg yug ntawm no. Collectively, lawv hais lus ze li ntawm 200 hom lus thiab nkag mus kawm nrog ntau yam kev npaj kev kawm. Ib txhia yog ob tug me nyuam yaus ntawm cov niam txiv txawj ntse heev thaum lwm tus tuaj txog hauv Minnesota tsis muaj kev kawm ntawv thiab tsuas yog lawv hom lus xwb.
Cov neeg tuaj txawv teb chaws tseem ceeb heev rau peb lub xeev cov kev coj noj coj ua, kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev loj hlob. Lawv them nyiaj ntau dua $ 1 nphom hauv lub xeev thiab cov se hauv zos thiab ua rau kwv yees li $ 9 nphom rau lub xeev qhov kev lag luam.
Lawv cov menyuam yog Minnesota cov thawj coj ntawm cov thawj coj thiab cov pej xeem. Qhov kev ua hauj lwm nrog kev ua haujlwm no yuav yog ib qho tseemceeb tshwj xeeb vim cov pej xeem xav pom tias yuav ua rau cov menyuam mos liab tsawg zog.
Yuav ua li cas npaj peb cov me nyuam yuav los coj tag kis hinges seb peb kawm ntawv zoo npaum li cas hnub no.
"Nws yog txoj kev sib tw tshiab rau lub tsev kawm ntawv, thiab nws yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws los txhawb Minnesota," said Delia Pompa, tus khub loj rau kev kawm ntawv ntawm Txoj Kev Khiav Hauj Lwm Kev Ncaj Ncees. "Txhua yam nws pib hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv. Yog tias peb tsis ua qhov no, thaum kawg nws yuav cuam tshuam li cas hauv lub xeev.
Yuav ua li cas npaj peb cov me nyuam yuav los coj tag kis hinges seb peb kawm ntawv zoo npaum li cas hnub no.
Tsom Xyooj Cov Voices ntawm Cov Niam Txiv, Cov Neeg Qhia Ntawv thiab Cov Koom Haum Zej Zog
Nws tau txais kev pom zoo los ntawm nws cov kev kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv, Ouk tau ua ib tus menyuam kawm ntawv hauv tsev kawm ntawv qib siab ua ntej nws tau txais daim ntawv tso cai qhia ntawv thiab tus master's degree hauv ESL.
"Peb yuav ua kom cov suab ntawm cov neeg uas muaj feem cuam tshuam los ntawm cov cai."-BO THAO-URABE, COALITION OF ASIAN AMERICAN LEADERS
Niaj hnub no nws ua haujlwm tam li yog tus tuav xam English Learner rau Faribault Public Schools. Xyoo dhau los, nws tau ua haujlwm nrog Coalition ntawm Neeg Esxias American Cov Thawj Coj (CAAL) ntawm kev siv nyiaj los ntawm The McKnight Foundation Education thiab Learning program los xyuas kom meej tias txhua tus me nyuam muaj ntau yam lus muaj kev txhawb nqa zoo li nws yog. Yuav ua li ntawd, CAAL koom nrog cov niam txiv, cov kws qhia ntawv, thiab cov koom haum hauv zej zog kom pom zoo hloov cov kev pab cuam uas yuav pab Minnesota Lub Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Kawm Ntawv kom paub zoo thiab ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm cov menyuam uas xav tau cov kev pabcuam yam lus. "Ua li cas peb tab tom ua ub ua no, ua rau lub sijhawm," hais tias Bo Thao-Urabe, CAAL tus thawj coj hauv lub koomhaum. "Peb yuav ua kom cov suab ntawm cov neeg uas muaj feem cuam tshuam los ntawm cov cai."
CAAL txoj kev xav tau los ntawm lub sijhawm tseem ceeb heev uas lub xeev Minnesota tsim nws txoj kev npaj kom ua tiav cov cai ntawm txhua tus tub ntxhais kawm tau ua tiav zoo (ESSA) ua ntej nws pib siv rau xyoo 2017-18. ESSA, uas hloov txoj cai ntawm Txoj Cai Tsis Pub Ib Tug Me Nyuam Kawm Poob Qab, txiav txim siab li cas tsoomfwv nom tswv muaj feem xyuam rau kev txhawb nqa kev kawm ntawm txhua lub tsev kawm ntawv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov tsev kawm ntawv muaj kev txom nyem. Thawj thawj zaug, yuav hnyav hnyav npaum li cas rau cov tsev kawm ntawv txhim kho cov lus Askiv zoo ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv uas tsis yog neeg hais lus.
"Ib lub hom phiaj yog kom ntseeg tau tias txoj kev kawm ntawv muaj ntau pob tshab. Peb xav kom cov niam txiv to taub qhov zoo txaus los txhawb lawv cov me nyuam. "-KAYING YANG, COALITION OF ASIAN AMERICAN LEADERS
Kom paub meej tias cov niam txiv thiab cov kws qhia ntawv paub txog tias ESSA evolves, cov thawj coj hauv zos tau piav qhia txog cov kev hloov rau ESSA hauv Hmong thiab Spanish TV thiab xov tooj cua. CAAL thiab Minnesota Kev Sib Koom Tes kuj pab cov niam txiv cov rooj sib tham thiab coj cov neeg koom tes ua ke, nrog rau cov xib fwb, cov thawj coj hauv tsev kawm ntawv, cov kws tshawb fawb hauv tsev kawm ntawv, cov niam txiv, thiab cov neeg tawm tswv yim los ntawm ntau haiv neeg. "Ib lub hom phiaj yog kom paub tseeb tias txoj kev kawm ntawv muaj ntau pob tshab," said KaYing Yang, tus thawj coj ntawm CAAL. "Peb xav kom cov niam txiv to taub qhov zoo txaus los txhawb lawv cov me nyuam."
Qhov no kuj muaj xws li nthuav mus rau ntau haiv neeg hauv Minneapolis-St. Paul metro cheeb tsam. Nrog CAAL txoj kev pab, Ouk coj cov tsev neeg, cov xib fwb, cov tsim cai, thiab zej zog cov thawj coj los sib tham txog cov teeb meem. "Tsis txhob caw ib tus los yog ob leeg ntawm peb mus rau hauv Nroog Ntxaib, peb tau coj lub Nroog Ntxaib los qhia qhov peb tab tom ua," hais tias Ouk.
Cov kev siv zog zoo li no muab cov tswv yim tsim qhov rais mus rau cov kev kawm ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv thiab cov tsev neeg, uas lawv xav tau kom to taub zoo dua yog lawv sim daws qhov hauj lwm ceev ceev ntawm kev qhia cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv los ntawm cov tsev neeg los yog cov yim neeg tawg rog.
"Cov neeg tawg rog kev ua tiav thaum cov neeg tawg rog nrhiav tau ib qho chaw uas lawv tuaj yeem hu xov tooj rov qab mus tsev dua," hais tias Ouk. Rau cov neeg Cambodian no, lub tsev kawm ntawv yog qhov chaw uas nws kawm lus Askiv, thiab tseem ceeb dua, nws yog qhov uas nws pom nws lub suab. Thiab qhov ntawd yog qhov khoom plig Ouk thiab lwm tus neeg qhia ntawv cia siab dhau mus rau lwm tiam neeg kawm ntawv.
