Sanduuqa Awqaafta McKnight ee Neuroscience wuxuu doortay afar mashruuc si loo helo 2023 Neurobiology of Brain Disorders Awards. Abaalmarinada ayaa wadar ahaan doona $1.2 milyan oo cilmi baaris ah oo ku saabsan bayooloojiyada cudurada maskaxda, iyadoo mashruuc kasta uu helayo $100,000 sanadkii mid kasta oo ka mid ah saddexda sano ee soo socota wadar ahaan $300,000 oo la maalgeliyo mashruuc kasta.
Abaalmarinta Neurobiology of Brain Disorders (NBD) waxay taageertaa cilmi-baaris cusub oo ay sameeyeen saynisyahano Mareykan ah kuwaas oo baranaya hababka bayoolojiga ee xanuunada neerfaha iyo maskaxda. Abaalmarintu waxay dhiirigelisaa codsiyada wada shaqaynta iyo isdhaafsiga ah ee keeni kara baadhista shaybaadhka ee ku saabsan maskaxda iyo habdhiska dareenka oo sidaas awgeed baadhida iyo daaweynta si loo hagaajiyo caafimaadka aadanaha.
Meel dheeraad ah oo xiisaha leh ayaa ah ka qayb qaadashada deegaanka ee cilladaha maskaxda. Cadaadiska deegaanka ee nolosha hore waa arrin awood badan oo meesha ka saarta xanuunnada neerfaha iyo maskaxda ee dambe. Daraasaduhu waxay muujinayaan bulshooyinka midabka leh inay halis sare ugu jiraan walaacyadan, kuwaas oo u dhexeeya deegaanka (sida cimilada, nafaqada, soo-gaadhista kiimikooyinka, wasakhowga) ilaa bulshada (sida qoyska, waxbarashada, guriyeynta, saboolnimada). Marka laga eego dhinaca bukaan-socodka, fahamka sida arrimaha deegaanku uga qaybqaataan cudurka maskaxda ayaa lagama maarmaan u ah horumarinta daawaynta waxtarka leh.
"Kooxda sanadkan ee McKnight Neurobiology of Brain Disorders abaal-marintu waxay safka hore kaga jiraan cilmi-baarista maskaxda waxayna horay u sameeyeen sahanno cajiib ah," ayuu yiri Ming Guo, MD, Ph.D., guddoomiyaha guddiga abaalmarinta iyo Professor in Neurology & Pharmacology at UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine. "Shaqada ay qabanayaan waxay awood u leedahay inay u horseeddo daawaynta ALS, suuxdin, buurnaanta, iyo kansarka maskaxda - cudurro ba'an oo saameeya malaayiin qof oo adduunka ah."
Abaalmarinada waxaa dhiirigeliyay danaha William L. McKnight, oo aasaasay The McKnight Foundation 1953 oo doonayay inuu taageero cilmi-baarista cudurka maskaxda. Gabadhiisa, Virginia McKnight Binger, iyo guddiga McKnight Foundation waxay aasaaseen barnaamijka McKnight neuroscience ee sharaftiisa 1977.
Abaalmarino badan ayaa la bixiyaa sanad walba. Afarta qof ee sanadkan la abaalmariyey ayaa kala ah.
Kaaliyaha Professor of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
Farsamaynta iyo hawlaha ku celcelinta is-ballaadhinta is-xilqaanka ee C9orf72 ALS/FTD
Kaaliyaha Professor Neurology, Jaamacadda Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
Neuron-to-OPC synapses ee la qabsiga iyo myelination-ka xun
Ku-xigeenka Professor, Qaybta Sayniska Aasaasiga ah, Xarunta Kansarka Fred Hutchinson, Seattle, WA
Calaamadaynta mitochondrial-maskaxda ee adipocyte-maskaxda iyo saamaynta ay ku leedahay shaqada maskaxda
Kaaliyaha Professor Neurology, Brigham iyo Isbitaalka Haweenka & Dugsiga Caafimaadka Harvard, Boston, MA
Neerobiology ee glioma: Fahamka wareegyada neerfaha malignantiga ah ee tilmaamaya koritaanka burada
Iyadoo 164 warqadood oo ujeedo ah la helay sanadkan, abaal-marintu waa tartan heer sare ah. Guddi saynisyahano ah oo caan ah ayaa dib u eegis ku sameeya xarfaha oo ku casuumay dhowr cilmi-baarayaal si ay u soo gudbiyaan soo jeedin buuxda. Marka lagu daro Dr. Guo, guddiga waxaa ku jira Sue Ackerman, Ph.D., Jaamacadda California, San Diego; Susanne Ahmari, MD, Ph.D., Jaamacadda Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Andre' Fenton, Ph.D., Jaamacadda New York; Tom Lloyd, MD, Ph.D., Dugsiga Caafimaadka ee Johns Hopkins; iyo Harry Orr, Ph.D., Jaamacadda MN.
Xilliga kama dambaysta ah ee Warqadaha Ujeeddada ee 2024 abaalmarino waa Noofambar 1, 2023.
Ku saabsan Sanduuqa Maaliyadda ee McKnight Fund for Neuroscience
Sanduuqa McKnight Fund ee Neuroscience waa urur madax-bannaan oo keliya oo ay maalgeliso Hay'adda McKnight Foundation ee Minneapolis, Minnesota, oo ay hogaaminayso guddi khubaro ah oo ku takhasusay dareemayaasha ka soo jeeda waddanka. Machadka McKnight Foundation wuxuu taageersanaa cilmi-baarista neurosiyaanka tan iyo 1977-kii. Foundation wuxuu aasaasay Sanduuqa Dhexe ee Bixinta 1986 si uu u fuliyo mid ka mid ah ujeedooyinka aasaasiga ah ee aasaasaha aasaasaha ah William L. McKnight (1887-1978), mid ka mid ah hoggaamiyayaashii hore ee shirkadda 3M.
Marka laga soo tago Abaalmarinta Cilmi-nafsiga ee Xanuunnada Maskaxda, Sanduuqa Awqaafta waxa kale oo uu bixiyaa maalgelin abaalmarin sannadle ah iyada oo loo marayo Abaalmarinnada Aqoonyahannada McKnight, oo taageeraya saynisyahannada neerfaha marxaladaha hore ee xirfadahooda cilmi-baarista.
Abaalmarinta Neurobiology ee Abaalmarinta Maskaxda
Junjie Guo, Ph.D., Kaaliyaha Professor of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
Farsamaynta iyo hawlaha ku celcelinta is-ballaadhinta is-xilqaanka ee C9orf72 ALS/FTD
Si kasta oo ay u adag tahay habka soo-noqoshada DNA-da, mararka qaarkood khaladaadku way dhacaan. Qaar ka mid ah cudurrada neerfaha waxay ku xiran yihiin nooc gaar ah oo qalad ah oo loo yaqaan 'nucleotide repeat expansion' (NRE), kaas oo qaybta DNA-ga gaaban lagu celceliyo boqolaal ama in ka badan. Halka ay kuwani ku soo noqnoqdaan arrimaha genome-ga: inta lagu guda jiro tillaabada muhiimka ah ee muujinta hidda-wadaha ee loo yaqaan RNA splicing, kaliya qaybo gaar ah oo RNA ah oo laga soo guuriyay DNA ayaa la isku daray si ay u noqdaan farriinta kama dambaysta ah ee RNA, halka taxanaha RNA ee soo hadhay (introns) inta u dhaxaysa exons waa la jebin doonaa.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xaaladaha qaarkood, introns leh NREs lama jebin, laakiin maareeyaan si ay u tilmaamaan samaynta noocyo kala duwan oo borotiinada soo noqnoqda kuwaas oo waxyeello u leh unugyada dareemayaasha. Tusaalaha caanka ah waa intron NRE oo ku dhex jira hiddo-wadaha loo yaqaan C9orf72, kaas oo ah sababta ugu badan ee hidde-sideyaasha amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, ama cudurka Lou Gehrig) iyo waallida hore (FTD). Cilmi baaristiisa, Dr. Guo wuxuu rajeynayaa inuu daaha ka qaado sida intron-ka NRE uu u carqaladeeyo kala-goynta RNA oo uu keeno soo saarista borotiinnada soo noqnoqda ee sunta ah.
Guo iyo kooxdiisu waxay marka hore tijaabin doonaan noocyo kala duwan oo isbeddellada NRE ah si ay u arkaan kuwa awood u leh inay beddelaan qaabka kala qaybinta si ay intronku uga baxsado hoos u dhaca. Ujeeddadooda labaad waxay tijaabin doontaa mala-awaalka ah in isbeddelladan qaabka kala qaybinta ah ay muhiim u yihiin C9orf72 NRE RNA si ay u kordhiyaan dhoofinta ka soo baxda xudunta unugyada cytoplasm oo ay tilmaamaan samaynta borotiinnada soo noqnoqda ee sunta ah. Ugu dambeyntii, cilmi-baaristooda ayaa sahamin doonta suurtagalnimada in kala duwanaanshaha u dhexeeya hababka unug kastaa u kala qaybiyo RNA-yada ay sharxi karaan sababta noocyada unugyada dareemayaasha qaarkood sida dareemayaasha dareemayaasha ay aad ugu nugul yihiin ALS.
Juliet K. Knowles, MD, PhD, Kaaliyaha Professor Neurology, Jaamacadda Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
Neuron-to-OPC synapses ee la qabsiga iyo myelination-ka xun
Doorkeeda dhakhtarka carruurta ee ku takhasusay suuxdinta, Dr. Knowles waxay si toos ah u arkaysaa sida xanuunkan neerfaha (dhab ahaantii ururinta cudurro dhowr ah oo xiriir la leh laakiin kala duwan) uu u soo maray iyo sida uu u socdo. Saynisyahanad cilmi-nafsi ahaan, waxay haysataa fursad ay ku caawiso daah-furka sida iyo sababta. Knowles iyo kooxdeedu waxay diiradda saarayaan cilmi-baaristooda doorka firfircoonida neerfaha ee myelination ee bukaannada qaba suuxdin guud, oo ah nooc caadi ah oo cudurka ah kaas oo lagu garto jiritaanka suuxdin iyo maqnaansho.
Myelination waa habka ay axons (projections) ee neerfayaasha ay ku xiran yihiin myelin, taas oo kor u qaadeysa xawaaraha gudbinta calaamadda axon, oo ka dhigaysa shabakadaha neerfaha mid waxtar leh. Nidaamku wuxuu ku lug leeyahay unugyada progenitor oligodendrocyte (OPCs) kuwaas oo u kobcin kara oligodendrocytes, unugyo soo saara myelin. Cilmi-baaris hore, Knowles ayaa daaha ka qaaday in dhaqdhaqaaqa neerfaha ee suuxdinta maqnaanshaha ay kor u qaaddo miyir-beelka wareegga suuxdinta, taasoo ka dhigaysa mid waxtar leh. Tani waxay u muuqataa inay horseedayso korodhka maqnaanshaha soo noqnoqda iyo darnaanta; markii Knowles iyo kooxdeedu ay xannibeen jawaabta OPC-yada ee dhaqdhaqaaqa neerfaha, suuxdintu ma dhicin, suuxdintuna horumar may samayn.
Cilmi-baarista cusub ee Knowles ayaa hadda sahamin doonta sida tani u dhacdo oo ay tilmaamto hababka suurtagalka ah ee daaweynta mustaqbalka. Hal ujeedo ayaa diiwaangelin doonta neerfaha OPC synapses ee moodooyinka suuxdinta iyo kuwa caafimaadka qaba labadaba. Ujeedada labaad waxay is barbardhigi doontaa neuron-to-OPC synaptik dhaqdhaqaaqa iyo muujinta hidda-wadaha synaptik ee jiirarka caafimaadka qaba ama suuxdinta - gaar ahaan diiradda saaraya sida miyir-beelka uu u dhiirrigeliyo suuxdintu uga duwan tahay tan ay dhiirrigelisay barashada. Hadafka saddexaad ayaa sahamin doona sida khalkhalgelinta reseptors post-synaptic on oligodendrocytes ay u saamayso horumarka suuxdinta, ma aha oo kaliya marka la eego qalalka, laakiin calaamadaha la xidhiidha sida hurdo la'aanta iyo garashada garashada, labaduba waxay ku badan yihiin shakhsiyaadka ay saameeyeen suuxdinta.
Akhila Rajan, Ph.D., Ku-xigeenka Professor, Qaybta Sayniska Aasaasiga ah, Xarunta Kansarka Fred Hutchinson, Seattle, WA
Calaamadaynta mitochondrial-maskaxda ee adipocyte-maskaxda iyo saamaynta ay ku leedahay shaqada maskaxda
Xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya xubnaha iyo maskaxda ayaa muhiim u ah badbaadada iyo caafimaadka xayawaanka. Calaamaduhu waxay u sheegaan maskaxda marka jidhku u baahan yahay tamar badan, gaajaysan yahay, ama u baahan yahay inuu seexdo, dhaqaaqo ama qabto hawlo kale oo aan la tirin karin. Laakiin cilmi-baaris dhowaan la sameeyay ayaa daaha ka qaaday in isgaarsiintu ay ku jiri karto wax ka badan hormoonnada - baakadaha walxaha sidoo kale waxaa loo gudbin karaa unugyada maskaxda. Cilmi-baadhista Dr. Rajan waxay diiradda saartaa ifafaalaha unugyada baruurta (adipocytes) oo u soo dira xoogaa mitochondria - xubnaha gudaha unugyada kuwaas oo soo saara tamarta, iyo doorarka kale - maskaxda, iyo sida taasi u saamayso shaqada maskaxda.
Cilmi-baaris hore ayaa lagu ogaaday in marka ay kuwan mitirka mitirka ah ay gaadhaan maskaxda, waxay ka dhigaysaa moodalka dukhsiga kooxda Rajan inay la shaqeeyaan gaajo badan, gaar ahaan cuntooyinka sonkorta leh, kor u qaadida wareegga buurnaanta iyo sii dirida walxaha. Waxaa jira xiriir la yaqaan oo ka dhexeeya buurnaanta iyo xanuunnada neerfaha ee kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan hurdo la'aanta iyo hoos u dhaca garashada, cilmi-baaristan cusub ayaa rajeynaysa inay iftiimiso xiriirkan oo ay suurtagal tahay inay tilmaamto bartilmaameedyada daaweynta mustaqbalka.
Iyadoo la shaqaynaysa qaabka duqsiga, Rajan iyo kooxdeedu waxay higsanayaan inay ogaadaan sida saxda ah ee qaybahan mitochondria ay u helayaan neerfayaasha maskaxda iyada oo aan hoos loo dhigin; maxaa dhacaya marka qaybahan mitochondria unuga dufanku ay la midoobaan neuronal mitochondria, gaar ahaan sida ay u beddesho dabeecadda xayawaanka dhinaca hurdada iyo quudinta; iyo waa maxay saamaynta habkani uu ku leeyahay caafimaadka neerfaha guud ahaan. Cilmi-baadhistu waxay ka faa'iidaysan doontaa wax-is-daba-marinta hidde-sidaha saxda ah ee shaybaarka Rajan uu ka sarreeyo, oo ku lug leh aragtiyo isku-dhafan oo ay bixiyaan xubnaha kooxda shaybaadhka, oo ay isticmaalaan qolalka fiisigiska ee cayayaanka ee u oggolaanaya kooxdu inay diiwaangeliso quudinta iyo isbeddelka dabeecadda heer aan la heli karin jiilalka hore. ee cilmi-baarayaasha.
Humsa Venkatesh, Ph.D., Kaaliyaha Professor Neurology, Brigham iyo Isbitaalka Haweenka & Dugsiga Caafimaadka Harvard, Boston, MA
Neerobiology ee glioma: Fahamka wareegyada neerfaha malignantiga ah ee tilmaamaya koritaanka burada
Kansarrada, oo ay ku jiraan burooyinka maskaxda, ayaa dhaqan ahaan lagu bartay heerka unugga ama unugyada. Cilmi-baadhayaashu waxay ka hadlayaan su'aalaha ay ka midka yihiin tirada hoose ee unugyada ku lug leh, sidee ayay isu beddelaan, maxaan ku samayn karnaa unugyadaas xun si aan u helno inay joojiyaan soo-celinta? Dr. Venkatesh wuxuu xiiseynayaa inuu eego sida habka dareemayaasha uu sidoo kale ugu lug leeyahay horumarka kansarka wuxuuna horey u ogaaday in neerfayaasha ay sameeyaan isku xirka synaptik ee unugyada kansarka.
Venkatesh iyo shaybaarkeeda waxay baranayaan burooyinka maskaxda ee aasaasiga ah iyo kuwa sare labadaba laakiin waxay hayaan caddayn ah in natiijooyinkani ay khuseeyaan kansarrada qaybaha kale ee jirka. Aragtida ah in burooyinka ay la falgalaan neerfayaasha, oo aan kaliya dilin neerfaha sidii hore loo maleeyay, ayaa furay fursado badan. Koritaannada xunxun waxay ka qaadanayaan calaamadaha habdhiska dareenka ee loogu talagalay inay macluumaadka u gudbiyaan unugyo kale taas beddelkeedana dib loo tarjumo si ay u baraan kansarku inuu koro. Hadda cilmi-baarayaashu waxay sahmin karaan sida looga faa'iidaysto habka dareemayaasha si ay u caawiyaan daaweynta ama maaraynta cudurkan halista ah. Horumar xiiso leh, shaqadii hore ee Venkatesh ee booskan ayaa durba horseeday tijaabooyin caafimaad oo dib u soo celiya dawooyinka jira ee lagu beegsanayo habdhiska neerfaha oo lagu dabaqo daaweynta kansarka.
Cilmi-baadhistan cusub waxay aad uga sii fogaatay fahamka hababka maamula dhaqdhaqaaqa wareegga neerfaha ee ay wadaan horumarka glioma. Isticmaalka tignoolajiyada sare ee cilmiga neerfaha iyo khadadka unugyada ee bukaan-socodka, Venkatesh waxay awood u yeelan doontaa inay wax ka beddesho oo ay barato shabakadaha neerfaha ee xun, oo koobaya labada neerfaha iyo unugyada burooyinka, kuwaas oo saameeya koritaanka kansarka. Fahmidda habkan ku-tiirsanaanta dhaqdhaqaaqa iyo sida loo bartilmaameedsan karo iyada oo aan la carqaladayn shaqada neerfaha ee caafimaadka qabta waxay furi kartaa goobo cusub oo cilmi-baarista kansarka ah iyo fursado daweyn cusub.
